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TOPICS > Historical and Beauty spots
Ponaga tower

Pô Nagar Tower is also known as Thap Ba Tower. It is a heritage and structure typical of the architectural and sculptural arts of Cham ethic people.

Pô Nagar is often used to refer to the whole complex, though it is only the name of the biggest tower among the four towers of the complex. The biggest is located on a small hill, also called Thap Ba mountain, in Cai river mouth by National Highway 1A, Vinh Phuoc ward, North of Nha Trang city.


Pô Nagar complex has undergone reconstructions and restorations in different periods of history, between the 8th and 12th centuries. It was built by Champa King Harivacman from 813 to 819. Through ups and downs, it has deteriorated a lot. Under the French rule, it was restored by the Far Eastern Archaeology School who rebuilt many of its parts with bricks and added some statues on the body of the tower. In wartime, many objects of the tower were stolen. People contributed money to the construction of additional entrances, steps, and paving the inside the tower and its front yard with enamel bricks, and two more shrines in the front and the hall on the left and the rest house at the back of the tower.

The complex was built on two foundations. The first was paved with bricks, comprised of 14 columns and ascending steps. The second is comprised of a cluster of 4 towers arranged in a square-angled shape.

All the four towers were modeled after those of the Cham. The bricks were closely fitted and reveal but no sign of glue could be found. The interior of the towers, from ground to top, are all blank spaces. Their entrances face East. The surface of the body or the towers is etched with ridges, supports and pilasters, atop of these pilasters are often placed with decorative bricks arranged into arches resembling small bowls on a big tower. On the exterior of these towers, there are many terracotta statues and embossments including figures of Pô Nagar, Goa Tenexa, nymphs and animals such as deer, gold geese, and lions.


The main tower is dedicated to Goddess Pô Nagar, wife of God Siva who symbolized beauty, and singing and dancing talents and was the one that caused the birth of palaces, and corns and precious wood. It is comprised of four layers, each having entrances, and statues and stone figurines. At the four corners of the tower, there are four smaller towers, inside which is the statue of Goddess 2.6 m tall carved from black granite stones sitting on a solemnly-looking lotus-shaped platform, with her back set on a large stone shaped like a big leaf. They are the masterpieces of Champa sculpture and a harmonious combination of the techniques involved in fashioning round statues and embossments.

Other towers including central tower standing 18m tall dedicated to God Siva, one among the three supreme gods according to Hinduism.

The remaining two towers are smaller in size. The one in the West is dedicated to God of war Karhykey and the one in the south dedicated to god Ganesa. Legend has it that they are the sons of God Siva.

The complex is where many ancient stelas have been preserved to date (the quantity ranks second to My Son only). The surrounding scenery is romantic. Under the foot of the hill there is the Cai river laden with ships and boats. Far from the sea is the famous Hon Chong (Husband island).
Every year the complex attracts a large number of pilgrims.

Vietnam Tourism

 
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Ponaga tower
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Co Loa Citadel

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